Webster-Hayne debate - Wikisource, the free online library Go to these cities now, and ask the question. Webster's description of the U.S. government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people," was later paraphrased by Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address in the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people." The Confederation was, in strictness, a compact; the states, as states, were parties to it. Hayne, South Carolina's foremost Senator, was the chosen champion; and the cause of his State, both in its right and wrong sides, could have found no abler exponent while [Vice President] Calhoun's official station kept him from the floor. This was the man to fire an aristocracy of fellow citizens ready to arm when their interests were in danger, and upon him, it devolved to advance the cause of South Carolina, break down the tariff, and fascinate the Union with the new rattlesnake theories. Judiciary Act of 1801 | Overview, History & Significance, General Ulysses S. Grant Takes Charge: His Strategic Plan for Ending the War. An error occurred trying to load this video. Eloquence threw open the portals of eternal day. . Foot calling for the temporary suspension of further land surveying until land already on the market was sold (to effectively stop the introduction of new lands onto the market). In whatever is within the proper sphere of the constitutional power of this government, we look upon the states as one. . I will yield to no gentleman here in sincere attachment to the Union,but it is a Union founded on the Constitution, and not such a Union as that gentleman would give us, that is dear to my heart. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. Such interference has never been supposed to be within the power of government; nor has it been, in any way, attempted. It moves vast bodies, and gives to them one and the same direction. But, the simple expression of this sentiment has led the gentleman, not only into a labored defense of slavery, in the abstract, and on principle, but, also, into a warm accusation against me, as having attacked the system of domestic slavery, now existing in the Southern states. So soon as the cessions were obtained, it became necessary to make provision for the government and disposition of the territory . The Significance of the Frontier in American Histo South Carolinas Ordinance of Nullification. . . . I know, full well, that it is, and has been, the settled policy of some persons in the South, for years, to represent the people of the North as disposed to interfere with them, in their own exclusive and peculiar concerns. I spoke, sir, of the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited slavery, in all future times, northwest of the Ohio,[6] as a measure of great wisdom and foresight; and one which had been attended with highly beneficial and permanent consequences. What interest, asks he, has South Carolina in a canal in Ohio? Sir, this very question is full of significance. The Webster Hayne Debate - DEBETE CJK They ordained such a government; they gave it the name of a Constitution, and therein they established a distribution of powers between this, their general government, and their several state governments. Even more pointedly, his speech reflected a decade of arguments from other Massachusetts conservatives who argued against supposed threats to New England's social order.[2]. One of the most storied match-ups in Senate history, the 1830 Webster-Hayne debate began with a beef between Northeast states and Western states over a plan to restrict . By establishing justice, promoting domestic tranquility, and securing the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. This is the true reading of the Constitution. What was going on? But, sir, we will pass over all this. Be this as it may, Hayne was a ready and copious orator, a highly-educated lawyer, a man of varied accomplishments, shining as a writer, speaker, and counselor, equally qualified to draw up a bill or to advocate it, quick to memories, well fortified by wealth and marriage connections, dignified, never vulgar nor unmindful of the feelings of those with whom he mingled, Hayne moved in an atmosphere where lofty and chivalrous honor was the ruling sentiment. It is one from which we are not disposed to shrink, in whatever form or under whatever circumstances it may be pressed upon us. The purpose of the Constitution was to permit cooperation between states under a shared political standard, but that meant that any growth in a federal government threatened the sovereignty of the states. . Assuredly not. Well, the southern states were infuriated. Sir, there exists, moreover, a deep and settled conviction of the benefits, which result from a close connection of all the states, for purposes of mutual protection and defense. But I do not admit that, under the Constitution, and in conformity with it, there is any mode in which a state government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general government, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. The honorable gentleman from Massachusetts while he exonerates me personally from the charge, intimates that there is a party in the country who are looking to disunion. He speaks as if he were in Congress before 1789. . Allow me to say, as a preliminary remark, that I call this the South Carolina doctrine, only because the gentleman himself has so denominated it. Address to the Slaves of the United States. But I take leave of the subject. We look upon the states, not as separated, but as united. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? Webster believed that the Constitution should be viewed as a binding document between the United States rather than an agreement between sovereign states. Are we in that condition still? . Far, indeed, in my wishes, very far distant be the day, when our associated and fraternal stripes shall be severed asunder, and when that happy constellation under which we have risen to so much renown, shall be broken up, and be seen sinking, star after star, into obscurity and night! Well, let's look at the various parts. It is not the creature of state Legislatures; nay, more, if the whole truth must be told, the people brought it into existence, established it, and have hitherto supported it, for the very purpose, amongst others, of imposing certain salutary restraints on state sovereignties. Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. . To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Record of the Organization and Proceedings of The Massachusetts Lawmakers Investigate Working Condit State (Colonial) Legislatures>Massachusetts State Legislature. The Constitutional Convention: The Great Compromise, The Webster-Hayne Debate of 1830: Summary & Issues, The History of American Presidential Debates, Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening: Sermons & Biography, Who Was Susan B. Anthony? . I am a Unionist, and in this sense a national Republican. South Carolinas Declaration of the Causes of Sece Distribution of the Slave Population by State. We will not look back to inquire whether our fathers were guiltless in introducing slaves into this country. The Webster-Hayne Debate: Defining Nationhood in the Early American Connecticut and other northeastern states were worried about the pace of growth and wanted to slow this down. They will also better understand the debate's political context. Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. . 1830's APUSH Flashcards | Quizlet It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. And, therefore, I cannot but feel regret at the expression of such opinions as the gentleman has avowed; because I think their obvious tendency is to weaken the bond of our connection. It is worth noting that in the course of the debate, on the very floor of the Senate, both Hayne and Webster raised the specter of civil war 30 years before it commenced. Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Religious Views: Letter to the Editor of the Illin Democratic Party Platform 1860 (Douglas Faction), (Northern) Democratic Party Platform Committee. I love a good debate. The action, the drama, the suspensewho needs the movies? . . The debate continued, in some ways not being fully settled until the completion of the Civil War affirmed the power of the federal government to preserve the Union over the sovereignty of the states to leave it. The taxes paid by foreign nations to export American cotton, for example, generated lots of money for the government. . Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. . He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. Speech to the U.S. House of Representatives. Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. Competing Conceptions of Union and Ordered Liberty in The Webster-Hayne I understand him to maintain this right, as a right existing under the Constitution; not as a right to overthrow it, on the ground of extreme necessity, such as would justify violent revolution. And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. Is it the creature of the state legislatures, or the creature of the people? See what I mean? I did not utter a single word, which any ingenuity could torture into an attack on the slavery of the South. Having thus distinctly stated the points in dispute between the gentleman and myself, I proceed to examine them. The Northwest Ordinance. Webster's argument that the constitution should stand as a powerful uniting force between the states rather than a treaty between sovereign states held as a key concept in America's ideas about the federal government. . For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. Webster and the North treated it as binding the states together as a single union. It cannot be doubted, and is not denied, that before the formation of the constitution, each state was an independent sovereignty, possessing all the rights and powers appertaining to independent nations; nor can it be denied that, after the Constitution was formed, they remained equally sovereign and independent, as to all powers, not expressly delegated to the federal government. In 1830, the federal government collected few taxes and had two primary sources of revenue. 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Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. . Excerpts from Ratification Documents of Virginia a Ratifying Conventions>New York Ratifying Convention. There is not, and never has been, a disposition in the North to interfere with these interests of the South. They tell us, in the letter submitting the Constitution to the consideration of the country, that, in all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true Americanthe consolidation of our Unionin which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety; perhaps our national existence. Now that was a good debate! This absurdity (for it seems no less) arises from a misconception as to the origin of this government and its true character. Conversation-based seminars for collegial PD, one-day and multi-day seminars, graduate credit seminars (MA degree), online and in-person. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . . The gentleman, therefore, only follows out his own principles; he does no more than arrive at the natural conclusions of his own doctrines; he only announces the true results of that creed, which he has adopted himself, and would persuade others to adopt, when he thus declares that South Carolina has no interest in a public work in Ohio.